Ľش˵Ľش˵̥ڳʱ򣬺ӵ봦ڡţdz˷ܵУ񡭡ղԣֱӳΪֹ١
ѩ΢΢һU˵ӵʱʹҲʹˣܡ˷ܵUЩҩЧãҲĽشڳʹʲֶΣҲ²š֮ܶǵ취Ľشʱ㵽ʱҲĵ㣬ʲ۲ԾЩûãҲܰѺӽѩһUҵĺӣҵȻܽ
΢ЦUǾͶѼѩڰγĨȥͷUкҲˡʵڲһѩ㣬ҲգѩUǵȻͷUȻˣǡҽ㣬ǽư顣
ѩӣȻUȵȣΪʲۣҪҵĺӣԴΪҪвתͷUأǶŪˡһ˳Ľشħͷ⣬ưЩܺãڡѩһӣŭUԲУĽشѾһѣӽһҡ
ȻѩĻͷˣȡ֮һ㵵Ϊ֮һUѩ㣿ѩ˫򣬶΢ð亹ųĶӣһʱԳ
ʹƽδеʹӹȫٸе̥ɾĪɴ˵٣ֹŮһ㾫ѪԴӴ·С
ѩ㣬㣬òᡭ
ӡҪˡѩҧأȴЩʣһʼnϢͷU㣬͵㣬˩漴˶񣬵U㡣㣬һ㣬ƽһ

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ڴڼ䣬ư֪ӱСⶴ졹̳̳֣ĽشҲ˶Ŀļ֡ͬʱҲʼġͬ项
ⶴǽһаɣαؽ浽ŮֻһҲܼգ
ưĽش̽ĽشһصЦUҪѩһ˲ѣҪ壬ɾ͵û˼ҲûʱһţȻҵȻȫѡĹٸ㻹ĸСѨֵһ塣
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㱣Լ˵̬˫ۣЦU๫һΡһҪ
쳣ıϢǷˡŮ쵤ס
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һֻ֣յʽʸ죬⺮

Ľش멼˦һƾµʯؾ
ⶴ찵̳ʯȺ֮У¶⣬·Ѱһ֮ǰĽشҲҲطֱƾ°֮ѩĹƴ˵أԭȾӴ˵̳˵Ϊֹ
ǰԼζĽش϶ʱڵ֮顣ҩ߶಻ʤһͨ˵ʵڲࡣܹҩ͸ЧԻꡢ顢ʴǡֻ壬жĵéUҩĿIJƷŮΪ˱ȫʹ޸֮Ůӣιһ鵤ҩҲʡԵIJ衣
ϮԪ֮Ҫɼˣ¾͵һʧܸµǷ˵ĻᡣĽشư˵Ļٴŵҫζ
ҩδʧ֡ѡŮ쵤ķ٣ѩưıϣưòпԼѹסѩܿʹư䵱еӦʱõġδ˪ǶԸ书ֵľ治ϴ˸裬ͱˮеҩŪû׾̥׽Ůʱƾ
ΨһʧưÿЩĽش֪ԼûиƼư²ˣȻΪ⡣ư书ԼѷɫҪǰװ˾ӵģðűеΣԼ
Ľش⣬̲סĨ촽ЦǸаUŮȫ֣ȹֻ½˿ɼֻѩºӣ˳̥üɣɿзʱ򡭡
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ѩȻкʹ˫ؼ尾ȴ쳣ѣŴԣֻŬŲӣҧU޳ܡĽشЦU᲻֪⸱鲪ɧģȻҪοһ
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ʱѩʹӳ㣬һӳǸΰϽתͷȴбĽشUۺĶԴҵĺӣѣ
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ѩͷһĽشĶġϧԼаͽ֣֮ȴ̶Է뽫Լĺӻһ޷Ű
Ľش⿪˫ȣֱȥͷ׾ٵǶ㿪ѨСѩ־ʧУȻһ̥֮ļ󣬴һ˴ȴҪ
ʺһȻڽ˳ƻһν漴Ľشĺ멣⼸ָѩķءĽشһתƮȻѩ࣬ЦUư
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ʲۺ£ӦòҶ˵ԶţĪ飡
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֪ĽشһԼĺѾӡ̥Ķнѣѩȴ˻衣ưֻǻص㣬ԼͺӵĽδ֮ûѡ񡣳ſǿʹϾ룬ӳ컯˻ҩѺѩƴǿ̷֮࣬ڷг
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Ե޹ʵػ˯ȥʱǴջƻ衣ưֻ˵ҩԼʱƣĽشоҲͲ֪
ȻԼǾȲˡưһתָͷеŮӤʵUȥ׷ɱˣû׷ҲͰˡ
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ϲӣеUҵʦˣʦأ˿ƽ𣿡ưU㲻üõúܡȥء
ȻȲʱưȰѩڣǞذһС®ѩñط꣬ϲӣȻֻǻѩľȴָìˡ
Сʦľѩֻưһһȥ˵뻯ⶴ˷սˣֻòѩɫЦҲмǿкѹ˿ģ֪ʦǰһ๫ӣ
ӣأָһ˯ŮӤվʵ˽ҪѩһƳưȴһشǻUһֱû˵⺢˭ĺأ
ưؿջʱҪźӹȥѩֽй©Լܣȴ޷ֹʱдһʣԼưûӵ£ȴʦסԼʵѩּƼӵ˯ۣȴǿ˵UǡǰڽϼŵģǸӤܾܲͷŲܰգҾʹˡȻUѽ⸽ۣѩ֧һ󣬺εصͷкưֻס
ŮӤᶺŪС̾Uɰ޶ĶڻĽҰ⣿Ҳ̫ưUҲ˼ֻ֮ļҹŮ͵µ˽ŮҸˡ⻰̵ѩѰ߲ѡ
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ѩһ򴽲һUʦ㣿ѩ޴ӻرܣǿЦUҲãǡʦãӾͽˡɵúúáչ֮УйԲʡ
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Ůʦãһ֮ΨһİοСʦϧŮʱѩġȻҲƼưɭЦݣеδеIJ
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ΡΡΡҹͣĶֻѣѩΨмȥ
ưĺӻصݣѩػɣʵȻѸ̲סǰ̽ŮȻԸԳȴҲưѩйĻءһ˯ʱĸ᷿Ƶѩ֮Ȼȷûֵư
뱻ɵĻֱ˵͵ˣưЦUٲ»ʱס죬Ҹһ졣ѩŭĻ
ǹŮѩư衭ÿζֵ߳ճΪ˿ŮɳԲϧʱǰͶæҲܻסϼ졣ֱŮ꣬ѩٵݣһ̤ʵЩһҲΪ˺ú塣
ⶴһ̳ʧۙʱѩ漴سϵȻ룬ñ屻֮Ů踺ءڷа̷̳˵⡸踺ءŮԣʵ֮⡣·ѩsʱԾмӣȴش̬к岻Զ
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ǹƾˣάϵѩܿͷԭԼϩU书˲ˡ
ԴưڹжԳͣҲˡ֮Աչأʵư֣书ķϵøDZĽش׽֮շҩӳ컯аҩԪݱΪԶѪǣº֮ҩȴѺڹΪ̩룬ŴۿۣҪֻ֣򲻹
ȫŮ޸ֵܵһͽĻ
ѩ֪һԣȷѶŮҲչ֮DZĿϣյھɻظ
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ѩϵ֣Ҷķɽʢڼ⣬ּɣһʦƹܡΪѩbʦѣżӽʦóɲģȴ֪пԡҶϤ񣬵ǰȥ̽ŮȡưĴСȴ˭˹ܵã
Ҷ㲢ûйʦĹԶѩлҪǿˮпһ˿⵽ⶴ?

תۼ䣬ֹء췽ϲһ˫򾲵IJ̤С®΢µijѩѩɽ
һŮҲʮˡæŷ䣬ѩȫưʧȥϵŮȻư裬Ҳͬʧȥ˹ػŮĻᡣÿ˼Ů֮ʣѩǸβѡҶǽŮ֮ףʤԼꣻµĥҲո¶ͷǣһж԰ɽ
ĿģҪŮ塣ӣӦᷴŮصʦѧգΨһ谭ֻư
ѩҧӣӲԾطȣӽŲɽȥ
ưϾǺӵĸףãʵ޷ɱ⼸Ҳ٣֪ԺݲijҪư
ʮĿޣԶȵ꾫ǽǾܴ̫ڹѾɹۡⳤڣȻƾöȭҲǰʹһָ߳ԸڼҸֹȻѣưõڹտֻ֮ҪܱƵưóȻŮҲͲˡ
Ȼһ·ϱ裬ȴѩԤϵġͳУһ·϶Ƿ֮Ĵ˾Ȼ಻ʤֱѩš
ʮ겻꡵Ŀûڼҹȴź׸ĽģˮȹҲ˾޵ٸɣŮζʱβ˲ĿƽչоͷѩܸܵȺƮĿ⣬ʱزȹѡɫģѩ书ȫʧҲῴȻĬĬܿȴ޷ֹ˵ǻߣɵÿ֡
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˯ΣȣʱѩͻȻоؿһѹǰȴһƬڣƸ˺ڲէ֮䣬ֻоԼ½ѱи˿ϣֲڵĴֹڵԲԷٵĴ
ѩŭţŸճ߳UʲˣҪһƣȻ项
һ˴壬ȴEȴDZס˴ţ֫Ȼ
͵뷿ƺһϽ´ȥǰȴѩĴһѡѩȥǰڲûӰһؿڣĹȼ䴹һƬ֭кЩմ˾ߡ°ͣӼŪйѩ֮ʣζϵʱˡ
ѩŭڵͳ?ȥգ˽Ʊջ⣬ѡ޿׷֮£ѩֻƻطԼDZ뷿УᱡȴԷģûƼ˸۰󸿣ַ׾ӣֻʴӣǹ߳ܲ书ԼΪ֮Ȼ֮棬ܴ裬Լ˯ϮȻֲԾU벻ڹ𣬶ĿҲԶرҲûܲλֻDZظҪǶԷһDZ뷿ڼԼҪʧˣ
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ѩлϸ߹֣ƸոߵĴլԺͭĴգδУڲסѩû뵽ưլԺһ󣬷žٲ߽δߵţȴȴѻ򿪣ҼСиϳһˣϸUүӵȹӭ﷼ݡүʱƼԺ򡣡
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ĪκεһЦUҪҳҾͳˡƸϯʦ𶽵СտΣͬү֮ѩƿԣβŵUǣʦáס⣿ЦUҲźءʦþҵϱ๫ߣûֵȱȥԸⶴ죬ŵ̫ϼ۱һֱúܡҽһӣͽ㣬˿أ
ѩȻδʦãҲǸٸģˡֻһ꣬Կʣίʵ󲻽⣬Ҳǵڹ֮ЧֻUǽȥ˵˲ڣлԾʡѩͷӦڡ
ƸԺŮüȣһСǰƽվӴѩ߽Уʱһ޹㣬Ϸֹҷᣴʣ
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˶˽бǮˡ԰һԱչġ
ǵͼַΪưƴ˵
ѩüʱĸвư书չˣ֮ȴʤɱʦֲΪıƣͬʱҲµĺ֮ǡȻĵģȴ档
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ȻԤӣ˼򵥵ֶΡѩȻ˵UҵˡUף㲻ǻѩҡҡͷUưֻ߲ˡֱۣȥǣʹߡ
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ѩᲦ֣UǺ˵䣬ְȻ۽ۼʹ治òܵƣΪȻͼսʱ̲ԡ޹غڹߵͣƤָ֮Ȼסȴʹνе־ֻܽлϳ⣬۳ƵСⲻ˥ǡ͡ʧѪ˳ı硣
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쪡һѩʡ伲˦䣬δԜҪ֮ȴϢ΢ϡ漱һжƣɵս֣ѩȴѳƴ⡣ǰЦU߲˵ģѩٿȻƣѧǺơ
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ѩһһʱϻһ˿΢ЦЦĸUԣҲҪ㡣ѩ㣬㡭Ӳġ

˼ҲҪһ
ĴһֱˣƵߵĹװٸ§ŰŮƭһ󣬻ûܰ޿κεسһЦU๫ûȥոŮ޶Ӱա
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ٸ˳ĿһֻԶĴͷ˸ŮˣȴȻָͣСѾͷ˺ü꣬ɵɷһǣUͱ䣡˭ҪȥҸ
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ӡĿ֪ĸССȻȻȴԼиܻܵãȴûܳ˼Ҷ˵ưǮd޼֣Ҳ᣻ĸţո߳ƸҲŮƵ˵ǣΪʲҪһöУ
ǰĸʹԼܲһãʱЦUΪʲ۲ҪܵܣֻҪãСѾͷҲUҪܵܣͲܴҵǾŮƯԶЦҡͷ˵UĺúӣҾүٴҺҲе
ʱСѾͷûĸ׻еź
游ĸЩµĺӣҪõԸָͷɵóֵȴ˵εĻ⣬֪ٲȥҲûָʧ׵˵UǼҴСҪãֻþΪһƾֱۣɫUźǰ˼ȣ͸˵ԡ
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֮䣬ԼȲúýɴȹ·һĸо̲סȹȼСС𣬸оϾҪС⣬ֲͬͻȻеĸהEͷֱſʱʢӵȻڲסͷӰţŵøϽ֣ȴеʧߺƺ̼˽Ҫ֮ͻȻ
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֪Լ𽥳ɣȻСȴѾʵӦ˷ܡהEͷԼʱкȻһţһ۵ųһС峺ˮ˿ֻС쳣ɣȴԼе㲻̫̤ʵ֪ŵˮлЩҺܸŮ֤ݡ
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ÿ죬ưܻҹ˵ϰʦڤıҪ֮żҹߡ֪ưѧڹţЩؾҲѰر⣬ܿϰΪȴ֪ư˷ţȴδضĶҾʱȴͬһѨķ̡
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ֻҵĺӣҲʼʩչظһأԲԣ
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ѩؿ޺ȴ޷ƺмֿȴ쳱˵ָʾƿۣɼļͦѩưƲǣ뿪СݣſֲĿϲ̤ҹɫŮĹ뷿

Сķ΢ƣӳճ˯ư԰ѵ˵ƣðŮ
ĸһǶ쵰ʱףԲۿɰûǸӡ˯еȻˮĴϸĽëȴҲʮ˯Ҳʮֻá
һŮͯеʣdzŮֻ洿ԣ˵ͯ档ʾͻɱɱò㣬ұޣ֡Ȼ˿̵ǴϾעĿȴӲư
ʮ꣬ưͰͷŶˡȻʼӵоʱžСѾͷѾ󣬹ͻɽ˵Ůڴʱʼ˼ͼı
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뵽ư¶Цݣƿıӡ˯ˮ籰°׭߳㣬СС˶Ե÷۷ۣСèƵѳһšưŮСֳ֣籰ͷǶµȥϵĽ˿

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Ȼư˵ͬһʹͬʱƨɣӲdzſѨͷ˽ȥеȻССıƴưijִ֮ͦڽ룬˴û˹ٹؾػͯıĤ裬ơ

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ǿҵĽųܸɣѨȫʹֿ֡ưҲŮСѨеȫðܵǰδеĴ̼ץƨɲһеس鶯ܵ˼㣬Ϳ԰ѾŮѨȴܾò㣬̰ѹեĽ塭

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׵Ѩڻǣ˿縵صڴϡưδŮڰŤһ󣬺һӲſϰγСסUŮеŶڼСѾͷٹ꣬϶ﻹҪˡ
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صͷʹδѨھΣС岻ϷʡưٺٵЦ˵Uģȵȵʹȥж㡭õһΰգ
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ѩ겻õ˵ַʵ̫̼ķʽ治֪ǺǰܹǺĿ塣ϮͿбƵȫ飬ᡢˮҺûܸŮķ֭ȫ
Ǹȫ㣬㯵ؿСŮ

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˵Լġ⣿
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еηָȥմ͵͵ˮ˸ɃȻеףԼĽʲˡ

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˵ѩһסưŪĶ󣬻ٳ伫ڸ߳ԵʱײǺҲҽгüζ㴩ѿǣưȻʱҪһѹ·ĸŮͬʱڴϷˣ
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ǿˣʪġࡣֻ˵˵ˣʪۿ죿
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ҹƸף?ѩϯϯ԰ˮ鿳ưԸū澰ھƣһ֡һɳſϹ򣬺ӹư彣ͥŽ¶ʮʽʹּӡϼ⡹ᰡ·żʹһưڵŽȴ̫ϼ۵ġ⡹
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ֻưʰЦŵݵѩǰU˵ĽŮ֣ŮУǵĺŮ̡ȻưȻЦʦ㣬Ц޳ɣѩȣ˱κ죬ӹ֮ʣоư͵һָ㱵߿ʪ˫ֻգۼ͸˵ijȻ𽣡
ʱֵҹѩһϮỨɴذڣԼ͸ѩ׼羱ˮȹֱҷأȴĽӯѩ۽΢£ζ?
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֣ : δ18Ͻվ se94se ڹΪڹԱܱɱ
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